Endangered species research paper

Endangered species research paper

Aug 16,  · Endangered Species Essay: What to Write about. First of all, your task is to define what endangered species are. You may say that these are organisms in the wild which once had a big population, but now their numbers are diminished and they are categorized as endangered species Mar 26,  · The Endangered Species Act (ESA) was established in to protect “imperiled species and the ecosystems upon which they depend” and help them recover.. The Trump administration has put forth a number of proposals that would weaken the ESA. These include measures to allow for the consideration of economic impacts when enforcing the ESA, ending the practice of automatically The Endangered Species Act of (ESA or "The Act"; 16 U.S.C. § et seq.) is the primary law in the United States for protecting imperiled blogger.comed to protect critically imperiled species from extinction as a "consequence of economic growth and development untempered by adequate concern and conservation", the ESA was signed into law by President Richard Nixon on December 28,

Endangered Species Act of - Wikipedia

The Endangered Species Act of ESA or "The Act"; 16 U. is the primary law in the United States for protecting imperiled species.

Designed to protect critically imperiled species from extinction as a "consequence of economic growth and development untempered by adequate concern and conservation", the ESA was signed into law by President Richard Nixon on December 28, The U, endangered species research paper. For example, section 4 requires the agencies overseeing the Act to designate imperiled species as threatened or endangered.

The Act also serves as the enacting legislation to carry out the provisions outlined in The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora CITES.

Calls for wildlife conservation in the United States increased in the early s because of the visible decline of several species. One example was the near-extinction of the bisonwhich used to number in the tens of millions. Similarly, the extinction of the passenger pigeonwhich numbered in the billions, also caused concern. Byit had disappeared from its primary breeding range in the north central United States. For example, George Bird Grinnell highlighted bison decline by writing articles in Forest and Stream.

To address these concerns, Congress enacted the Lacey Act of The Lacey Act was the first federal law that regulated commercial animal markets. Other legislation followed, including the Migratory Bird Conservation Acta treaty prohibiting the hunting of right and gray whales, and the Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act of Despite these treaties and protections, many populations still continued to decline.

Byendangered species research paper, only an estimated 16 whooping cranes remained in the wild. national symbol, was in danger of extinction. Only around nesting pairs remained. Fish and Wildlife Service tried to prevent the extinction endangered species research paper these species. Yet, it lacked the necessary Congressional authority and funding. The Act initiated a program to conserve, protect, and restore select species of native fish and wildlife.

The Department of Interior issued the first list of endangered species in March It included 14 mammals, 36 birds, 6 reptiles, 6 endangered species research paper, and 22 fish. The list included only vertebrates at the time because the Department of Interior's limited definition of "fish and wildlife.

The Endangered Species Conservation Act of Pub. It established a list of species in danger of worldwide extinction. It also expanded protections for species covered in and added to the list of endangered species research paper species.

Punishments for poaching or unlawful importation or sale of these species were also increased. Notably, the Act called for an international convention or treaty to conserve endangered species. was convened. This meeting produced the comprehensive multilateral treaty known as CITES or the Convention on International Trade of Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora.

InPresident Nixon declared current species conservation efforts to be inadequate. Congress responded with endangered species research paper Endangered Species Act ofwhich was signed into law by Nixon on December 28, Pub. The ESA was a landmark conservation law. The available science highlights the need for biodiversity protection laws like the ESA.

About one million species worldwide are currently threatened with extinction. Half a million species do not have enough habitat for long-term survival. These species are likely to go extinct in the next few decades without habitat restoration. These include climate changeland use change, habitat lossinvasive speciesendangered species research paper, and overexploitation. President Richard Nixon declared current species conservation efforts to be inadequate and called on the 93rd United States Congress to pass comprehensive endangered species endangered species research paper. It was written by a team of lawyers and scientists, including Dr.

Russell E. Trainthe first appointed head of the Council on Environmental Quality CEQan outgrowth of the National Environmental Policy Act NEPA of Train was assisted by a core group of staffers, including Dr. Earl Baysinger at EPA, Dick Endangered species research paper, and Dr. Gerard A. D Marine Biologist by training Oregon State University,who had transferred from his post as the senior scientific adviser to the Commandant of the U. Army Corps of Engineers, office of the Commandant of the Corps.

The staff, under Dr. Train's leadership, incorporated dozens of new principles and ideas into the landmark legislation but also incorporated previous laws, as was desired by Congressman John Dingle D-Michigan when he first proposed the idea of a "Endangered Species Act", crafting a document that completely changed the direction of environmental conservation in the United States.

Among the staff, Dr. Bertrand is credited with having written major parts of the Act, including the infamous "takings" clause, 16 U. Bertrand has said about the Act. The stated purpose of the Endangered Species Act is to protect species and also "the ecosystems upon which they depend. The ESA is administered by two federal agencies, the United States Fish and Wildlife Service FWS and the National Marine Fisheries Service NMFS. NMFS handles marine speciesand the FWS has responsibility over freshwater fish and all other species.

Species that occur in both habitats e, endangered species research paper. sea turtles and Atlantic sturgeon are jointly managed. In MarchThe Washington Post reported that documents showed that the Bush Administrationbeginning inhad erected "pervasive bureaucratic obstacles" that limited the number of species protected under the endangered species research paper. Inthe House of Representatives passed the 21st Century Endangered Species Transparency Act, which would require the government to disclose the data it uses to determine species classification.

In Julylobbyists, endangered species research paper, Republican legislators, and the administration of President Donald Trumpendangered species research paper, proposed, introduced, and voted on laws and amendments to the ESA.

One example was from the Interior Department which wanted to add economic considerations when deciding if a species should be on the "endangered" or "threatened" list. In Octoberat the urging of the Pacific Legal Foundation and the Property and Environment Research Center, [30] [31] the USFWS and the NMFS under President Donald Trump changed the §4 d rule to treat "threatened" and "critically endangered" species differently, legalizing private recovery initiatives and habitats for species that are merely "threatened.

The Biden administration is also considering restoring some protections for those species listed under the act as "threatened". Section 4 of the ESA sets forth the process by which species are designated as endangered or threatened.

Species with these designations receive protections under federal law. Section 4 also requires critical habitat designation and recovery plans for those species. There is the endangered species research paper or threatened destruction, modification, or curtailment of its habitat or range.

An over utilization for commercial, recreational, scientific, or educational purposes. The species is declining due to disease or predation. There is an inadequacy of existing regulatory mechanisms. There are other natural or manmade factors affecting endangered species research paper continued existence. Potential candidate species are then prioritized, with "emergency listing" given the highest priority. Species that face a "significant risk to their well being" are in this category. A species can be listed in two ways.

The United States Fish and Wildlife Service FWS or NOAA Fisheries also called the National Marine Fisheries Service can directly list a species through its candidate assessment program, or an individual or organizational petition may request that the FWS or NMFS list a species. A "species" under the act can be a true taxonomic speciesa subspeciesendangered species research paper, or in the case of vertebrates, a " distinct population segment.

During the listing process, economic factors cannot be considered, but must be " based solely on the best scientific and commercial data available. Congress rejected President Ronald Reagan 's Executive Order which required economic analysis of all government agency actions. The House committee's statement was "that economic considerations have no relevance to determinations regarding the status of species.

The very opposite result happened with the amendment where Congress added the words " taking into consideration the economic impact After receiving a petition to list a endangered species research paper, the two federal agencies take the following steps, or rulemaking procedures, with each step being published in the Federal Registerthe US government's official journal of proposed or adopted rules and regulations:.

If the petition does not present substantial information to support listing, it is denied. If the information is substantial, a status review is started, which is a comprehensive assessment of a species' biological status and threats, with a result of : "warranted", "not warranted," endangered species research paper "warranted but precluded, endangered species research paper.

Essentially the "warranted but precluded" finding is a deferral added by the amendment to the ESA. It means other, higher-priority actions will take precedence. Within another year, a final determination a final rule must be made on whether to list the species.

The final rule time limit may be extended for 6 months and listings may be grouped together according to similar geography, threats, habitat or taxonomy. The annual rate of listing i, endangered species research paper. Bush listings, 58 per yearendangered species research paper, and Clinton listings, 65 endangered species research paper year before decline to its lowest rate under George W.

The rate of listing is strongly correlated with citizen involvement and mandatory timelines: as agency discretion decreases and citizen involvement increases i. filing of petitions and lawsuits the rate of listing increases. Public notice is given through legal notices in newspapers, and communicated to state and county agencies within the species' area.

Foreign nations may also receive notice of a listing. A public hearing is mandatory if any person has requested one within 45 days of the published notice.

Listing status and its abbreviations used in Federal Register and by federal agencies like the U. Fish and Wildlife Service : [56] [57] [58]. The provision of the law in Section 4 that establishes critical habitat is a regulatory link between habitat protection and recovery goals, requiring the identification and protection of all lands, water and air necessary to recover endangered species.

Endangered species Essay Instructions - Fall 2016

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Protecting Endangered Species from Pesticides | US EPA

Sep 14,  · EPA's Endangered Species Protection Program helps promote recovery of listed species. The ESPP determines if pesticide use in a geographic area may affect any listed species. Find needed limits on pesticide use in Endangered Species Protection Bulletins The frozen zoo idea was later supported in Gregory Benford's paper proposing a Library of Life. Zoos such as the San Diego Zoo and research programs such as the Audubon Center for Research of Endangered Species cryopreserve genetic material in order to protect the diversity of the gene pool of endangered species, or to May 17,  · The red Wolf is one of the most endangered species, and statistics show it might go extinct by The US Fish and Wildlife Service claims that only a few dozen red wolves are left in the wild right now. The bald eagle has inspired the Endangered Species Act. (NRDC)